mass media 2020

MEDIA & PRESS LAWS Press Laws are the laws concerning the licensing of books and the liberty of expression in all products of the printing-press, especially newspapers. The liberty of the press has always been regarded by political writers as of supreme importance. Before the invention of printing, the Church assumed the right to control the expression of all opinion distasteful to her. When the printing press was invented, German printers established themselves at various important centres of Western Europe, where already numbers of copyists were employed in multiplying manuscripts. In 1473 Louis XI granted letters patent giving the right of printing and selling books to Uldaric Quring Ulrich Gering, who three years earlier had set up a press in the Sorbonne the theological faculty of the university at Paris, and before long Paris had more than fifty presses at work. The Church and universities soon found the output of books beyond their control. In 1496 Pope Alexander VI bega...

 Origin and history of Radio in India A combination of a number of discoveries by technicians and scientist from different countries gave rise to the development of wireless telegraphy and later to radio broadcasting. It took ten years for wireless telegraphy, to become a broadcasting system. First, the World War prompted the industrialization of wireless telegraphy, secondly in the United States the radio created a communication environment in which amateurs could operate freely. Broadcasting began in India with the formation of a private radio service in Madras in 1924. In the same year, the British colonial government granted a license to a private company, the Indian Broadcasting Company, to open Radio stations in Bombay and Calcutta. The company went bankrupt in 1930 but the colonial government took over the two transmitters and the Department of Labor and Industries started operating them as the Indian State Broadcasting Corporation. In 1936, the Corporation was renamed A...

Origin and History of Indian Television   Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi in September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of all India radio. The television service was extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Till 1975, seven Indian cities had television service and Doordarshan remained the only television channel in India. Television first came to India [named as ‘Doordarshan’ DD] on Sept 15, 1959 as the National Television Network of India. The first telecast started on Sept 15, 1959 in New Delhi. After a gap of about 13  years, s second television station was established in Mumbai Maharashtra) in 1972 and by 1975 there were five more television stations at Srinagar Kashmir), Amritsar Punjab, Calcutta West Bengal, Madras Tamil Nadu and Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. Fo r many years the transmission was mainly in black & white. Television industry g...

History of Television   The History of television technology can be divided along two lines: those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic principles and those which are purely electronic. From the latter descended all modern televisions, but these would not have been possible without discoveries and insights from the mechanical systems. The word television is a hybrid word, created from both Greek and Latin. Tele- is Greek for "far", while -vision is from the Latin visio, meaning "vision" or "sight". It is often abbreviated as TV or the telly. The origins of what would become today's television system can be traced back to the discovery of the photoconductivity of the element selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873, and the invention of a scanning disk by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in 1884. Experiments in television broadcasting were initiated during the 1920s in the United States and Europe. These experiments used a mechanical scanning ...

Broadcast Media History Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults. The date of history’s first broadcast accepted by most historians of the subject is the first radio newscast, which occurred in 1909 in San Jose, California- some 40 miles south of San Francisco. There, Dr. Charles David Herrold built a tiny experimental radio transmitter and hooked it to an aerial which was strung over downtown streets between numerous buildings. Over this spider-web of steel, the doctor broadcast news and other programs to friends in the area to whom he had provided free crystal sets. Regardless of which station was first, the broadcast industry began its meteoric growth during the 1920s: by 1922 there were some 600 stations on the air. Two year later, that number had more than double to some 1400 most of which functioned as promot...

Mass Media The term "mass media" refers to the means of public communication reaching a large audience. When members of the general public refer to "the media" they are usually referring to the mass media, or to the news media, which is a section of the mass media. Sometimes mass media are referred to as the "corporate media". Types of drama in numerous cultures were probably the first mass-media, going back into the Ancient World. The first dated printed book known is the "Diamond Sutra", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread to the masses of literacy in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European popular prints from about 1400. Newspapers developed around from 1605, with the first example in English in 1620; but they took until the nineteenth century to reach ...

Communication concept          Communication involves transmission of verbal and non-verbal messages. It consists of a sender, a receiver and channel of communication. In the process of transmitting messages, the clarity of the message may be interfered or distorted by what is often referred to as barriers. Health communication seeks to increase knowledge gain. This is the minimum expectation and acceptable requirement to demonstrate that learning has taken place following an intervention using communication. Once knowledge gain is established, it is assumed that the individual will use the knowledge when the need arises or at an opportune time. There is evidence in several school-based health interventions demonstrating that young people who got exposed to specific information, e.g. against smoking or engaging in harmful practice, tended to posses decision or refusal skills. Communication requires full understanding of behaviors associated with the sender ...